Karuturi, the iconic landgrabber, flops

Tax Justice Network ▪ Forum Syd Kenya ▪ GRAIN ▪ Anywaa Survival Organisation ▪ South Indian Coordination Committee of Farmers Movements

Media release
14 February 2014

An unhappy Valentine's Day for some
Karuturi, the iconic landgrabber, flops

Karuturi Ltd, the Kenyan flower production unit of Karuturi Global, is in financial collapse and been put under receivership. One of the world's most infamous landgrabbers is in its deepest trouble yet.

On 11 February 2014, CfC Stanbic Bank in Nairobi took over the Karuturi farm in Naivasha while management was assigned to The Business Advisory Group Ltd. The new managers will assess the true financial situation of the firm, which has stopped paying its workers, suppliers and utility providers since many months, and settle the company's outstanding debts, which reportedly exceed US$ 5 million. Until now, the flower farm in Naivasha was its cash cow, responsible for three-quarters of the Karuturi empire's annual global earnings.

Bangalore-based Karuturi Global Ltd is one of the largest foreign agribusiness conglomerates in Africa. In 2007, it began expanding its operations to Kenya and Ethiopia to take advantage of generous tax breaks and cheap land, water and labour. It soon became the world's largest cut rose exporter and acquired over 311,000 ha of fertile land in southern Ethiopia for food production.

Now, this leading example of foreign direct investment in African agriculture is on the verge of collapse -- and Africans are paying the price.

Karuturi's overseas business ventures are causing untold suffering. In Kenya, the workers have been living in inhumane conditions without pay, water or electricity since months. In the last six months, their medical services have been shut down and the school for their children has been closed.[1] On top of this, Karuturi owes the Kenyan government millions of US dollars in unpaid taxes that it hid through doctored invoices and transfer pricing.[2]

In Ethiopia, the Anywaa and other communities that were violently displaced from their lands without consultation to make way for Karuturi's farming operations have lost their livelihoods and been living in exile without proper compensation. Karuturi, however, has been unable to cultivate more than a small fraction of those lands and local sources report that the farms have stopped operations. Last month, the Ethiopian government issued a warning to Karuturi to clarify the standing of its agricultural investment project or see its permit withdrawn.

From tax fraud to labour violations, Karuturi must pay for its crimes, immediately. And the international community must stop supporting such egregious corporate malfeasance in the name of "foreign investment", or worse "development".

Notes:

[1] See our accompanying backgrounder for the details: http://tinyurl.com/mveztag
[2] See our media release ("Karuturi guilty of tax evasion") and backgrounder ("A litany of trouble") of 22 April 2013: http://tinyurl.com/koqccth.

For more information:

▪ Mr Stephen Gichohi, [email protected], +254725401366, or Ms Mukami Kowino, +254722436802, [email protected], Forum Syd Kenya, Nairobi (on the Karuturi farm workers situation & the campaign against transfer mispricing in Kenya)

▪ Mr Devlin Kuyek, GRAIN, Montreal, [email protected], +15145717702 (on Karuturi & global land grabbing)

▪ Dr Attiya Waris, Law School, University of Nairobi, [email protected], +254771891571 (on the Kenyan tax dispute and the struggle for tax justice across Africa)

▪ Mr Nyikaw Ochalla, Anywaa Survival Organisation, London, [email protected], +447939389796 (on Karuturi in Ethiopia and the indigenous peoples' situation)

▪ Mr S. Kannaiyan, South Indian Coordination Committee of Farmers Movements, India, [email protected] (on Karuturi's operations in India and Africa seen from the perspective of Indian farmers)

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Tax Justice Network ▪ Forum Syd Kenya ▪ GRAIN ▪ Anywaa Survival Organisation ▪ South Indian Coordination Committee of Farmers Movements

Karuturi going down? A summary of recent developments as of 13 February 2014

Download the PDF: http://tinyurl.com/mveztag

Financial collapse in Naivasha

Workers in trouble...

▪ Early August 2013, 3,000 workers at Karuturi's 200 ha flower farm in Naivasha, Kenya, went on strike due to unpaid wages. This was not the first work stoppage in recent times, but perhaps the beginning of the most serious downward spiral since Karuturi bought the farm in 2007.1Employees even took a manager hostage for a portion of the day.

▪ In mid-August 2013, the Karuturi Hospital, belonging to the flower farm, was closed. The farm had, at that point, an unpaid electricity bill of EUR 140,000 and so the power supply was shut off.2 The hospital previously served 30,000 people per month.

▪ By the end of September 2013, reports emerged that Karuturi School, serving the children of the Karuturi farmworkers, was shut down "indefinitely". Teachers who, like the farmworkers, were also not being paid suddenly found themselves out of work.3

▪ On 1 October 2013, Nakuru Senator James Mungai criticised the labour unions for not intervening when things "started going wrong" at Karuturi Flower Farm.4

▪ On 5 October 2013, Francis Atwoli, secretary general of the Central Organisation of Trade Unions (COTU), wrote to Kenyan Labour Secretary Kazungu Kambi calling for the arrest and prosecution of Karuturi management for failure to pay over 4,000 workers in Naivasha for a total of six months.5 Karuturi responded in a public advertisement statement that the union was in fact inciting workers not to take their salaries.6

▪ On 10 October 2013, the local courts ordered Karuturi to address the "deteriorating" living and working conditions of its workers, notably the lack of water and electricity.7

▪ Several suicide attempts by the farm workers have been documented. On 24 September 2013, three workers tried to commit suicide due to family suffering as a result of unpaid wages.8 In December 2013, it was reported that one Karuturi farm worker, who had not eaten in seven days, hung himself, naked, outside the gates of the farm also in desperation.9

▪ On 29 December 2013, COTU again appealed to the government, this time addressing President Uhuru Kenyatta directly, to intervene, stating that the workers had not been paid since 1 year now.10

Time and again, Karuturi Farms management have either denied the issue of unpaid wages or blamed it on the banks or the labour unions themselves. Shareholders, meanwhile, back in India have brushed such troubles off as "a cash flow problem".11

...and creditors, too

▪ On 7 August 2013, Allpack Industries Ltd, member of the IPS Group of companies operating under the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development, filed a petition against Karuturi Ltd.12 The petition called for the closure of Karuturi on the grounds of financial insolvency. Karuturi owes Allpack US$465,000 and KSh50,000 (US$580) for unpaid cardboard deliveries made between September 2011 and May 2013. It demanded that the Kenyan State assume and settle Karuturi's outstanding obligations towards creditors as well as the workers, and put the company into receivership. Presumably, this would allow the once booming flower farm, churning out nearly one million roses a day, to be sold to more responsible owners.

▪ As of December 2013, Kenya Plantation Agriculture Workers Union and ten Kenyan companies had joined the lawsuit led by Allpack against Karuturi. The ten companies are: AgriChem & Tools, Juanco SPS, Signode Packaging Systems, Comhard Ltd., Shanghai Plastics Company Polythene Industries, IRRiCO International, Maina Njuguna & Associates, CfC Stanbic Bank and Inter Labels Africa.

▪ The court hearing on the petition was originally scheduled for 25 Oct 2013 but the court failed to sit that day. It was then postponed to 13 Dec 2013 but did not proceed due to public holiday. It was then postponed again to 2014. The lawyer for the petitioner is Daly & Figgis.13

▪ End 2013, reports were coming in that deliveries were no longer being made to Karuturi's farm and that rose production has virtually stopped at the Naivasha facility.14

▪ On 24 January 2014, India's Investment Information Credit Rating Agency Ltd (ICRA) downgraded Karuturi's term loans and fund based limits from "B+" to "C", factoring in recent delays in the company's debt servicing. Instruments with ICRA's "C" rating are "considered to have very high risk of default regarding timely servicing of financial obligations."15

▪ On 10 February 2014, Karuturi Ltd was put into receivership by CfC Stanbic Bank with a view to disposing of the firm's assets and recovering payments to settle over KSh 400 million (EUR 3.5 million or USD 5 million) of debt. To COTU's satisfaction, the new managers assured workers that they would cover unpaid wages up to December 2013. 

Sudden shift in the tax dispute in Nairobi

▪ On 11 December 2013, it emerged that Karuturi was granted a reprieve from the Kenyan Revenue Authority (KRA) in their tax dispute.16 Just months earlier, in April 2013, it was revealed that KRA had determined that Karuturi owed nearly US$11 million in unpaid corporate income tax due to transfer mispricing, part of a larger set of tax disputes with government authorities that amounted to a quarter of the firm's 2012 sales.17 This finding only concerned the fiscal years 2008-09, while KRA was still planning to audit the firm for 2010-12. Yet, for some reason, KRA reduced the amount due to US$4 million and settled the matter there.18

We were unable to get any explanation from the government of Kenya as to why there was such a dramatic drop in the amount determined as due from transfer pricing.

License to operate in Ethiopia in doubt

▪ By the end of 2012, Karuturi was well behind on its plans for its large agricultural projects in Ethiopia. The company's first crop at its 100,000 ha concession in Gambela was destroyed by flooding in 2011 and Karuturi's management revealed that the company had only been able to cultivate 4,000 ha of maize in 2012 and planned to reach a mere 5,000 ha by April-May 2013.19 The company's contract, renegotiated in 2010, stipulated that it would cultivate the full 100,000 ha within two years. In January 2012, the company claimed it would cultivate nearly 60,000 ha of land over two seasons.20

▪ Ethiopian authorities are frustrated by the slow progress. “I have to be frank, they didn’t meet our expectations,” said Minister of Agriculture, Tefera Derbew, in a June 2013 interview with The Hindu. “We would like to get the land developed in a short period of time… [but] Karuturi, Saudi Star and the like, their implementation is not to our satisfaction."21

▪ In March 2013, 92 Ethiopian workers at Karuturi's Gambela site filed a complaint with the Department of Labour and Social Welfare claiming that their salaries were delayed by up to 20 days and that the company did not provide identity cards, safety equipment, medical treatment or proper residence. The department found workers living in cramped metal shacks without proper ventilation and begins investigating allegations that employee pensions deducted from workers salaries by the company were not deposited with the relevant government department.22

▪ In May 2013, the Karuturi workers told The Hindu that the company is so short of cash that they don’t have diesel for their tractors and that the company is leasing out its equipment to other investors in Gambela.23

▪ On 23 November 2013, the Ethiopian magazine The Reporter wrote that Karuturi's Ethiopian operations were "on the verge of collapse".24

▪ By December 2013, a source within the regional government of Gambela confirmed to Anywaa Survival Organisation (ASO) that Karuturi and several other foreign investors with large agricultural leases are being investigated for illegal activities, including corruption, environmental destruction and failure to uphold the terms of their contracts. Local sources also told ASO that Karuturi's farming operations in Gambela have shut down, and that the company has removed its tractors and other farm machinery from the farm.25

▪ By this time, things appear to be going badly for the company's Ethiopian flower operations as well. In December 2013, a local ASO source said that Karuturi's flower farm in Holeta, Oromia, has ceased operating. Meanwhile, a Bloomberg journalist told GRAIN that Karuturi's Addis Ababa office was closed down and people are saying the office is being moved to another location.

▪ On 10 January 2014, Africa Intelligence reported that during the last week of December 2013 the Ethiopian Investment Agency (EIA) posted a list of 3,000 investment permits granted to Ethiopian and foreign companies that the Agency intends to revoke because the awardees have not proceeded with their investment projects within the agreed time frames. One of the companies on the list was reported to be Karuturi Global Ltd. The EIA said that the companies may be able to maintain their licenses if they "provide a persuasive and acceptable reason".26