TITLE: Scientist wants to patent life form - Man-made bacterium could create ethanol AUTHOR: Kelly Patterson, CanWest News Service PUBLICATION: Vancouver Sun DATE: 9 June 2007 URL: http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=86a5546d-7 451-4b6b-b7bb-b99d4e8cf021&k=30266 SCIENTIST WANTS TO PATENT LIFE FORM Man-made bacterium could create ethanol Kelly Patterson, CanWest News Service Saturday, June 09, 2007 A leading U.S. scientist has applied to patent the world's first man-made life form. Hailed as the biggest, most controversial genetics breakthrough since the cloning of Dolly the sheep, Dr. Craig Venter -- the scientist who led the private-sector race to map the human genome -- says his research team has figured out which genes provide the bare essentials for life. Now he wants the commercial rights to their use. Venter plans to cobble together synthetic versions of these genes to create the world's first artificial living being, a bacterium called mycoplasma laboratorium, which could then be programmed to convert sunlight into eco-friendly fuels such as hydrogen or ethanol. The plan represents a quantum leap in genetics, from reading the DNA of living organisms, to writing it from scratch. "This is a biological bombshell," warns Pat Mooney of the Ottawa-based Erosion, Technology and Concentration Group (ETC), a biotechnology watchdog that discovered the patent application this week. Once you've created an artificial bacterium, "it becomes a small step to do the same for a plant, an animal, and eventually even a human being," said Jim Thomas, also with ETC. "Society hasn't even discussed what the environmental and ethical implications are when humans create novel life-forms the planet has never seen before," Mooney said, let alone the ethics of allowing a company to gain sole control over the set of genes that constitute the basic building blocks of life, he added. Venter has filed patent applications in the U.S. and at the World Intellectual Property Organization, an international body that issues patents for more than 100 countries, including Canada. The ETC Group has appealed to the patent authorities to turn down the applications. Venter's research team would manufacture the essential genes, insert them into a "ghost" cell and add selected artificial genes. Venter says the main goal would be to produce hydrogen and ethanol which "could save an estimated $20 billion per year on fuel costs over the next 50 years (and) decrease greenhouse emissions by 1.7 billion tonnes per year," the firm says on its website. But Mooney said a programmable life form could "just as easily be used to make a bio-weapon." Mooney said Venter's organism is almost certain to get released into the environment with untold consequences. GOING FURTHER (compiled by GRAIN) Roger Highfield, "Designer bug holds key to endless fuel", The Age, Australia, 10 June 2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/designer-bug-holds-key- to-endless-fuel/2007/06/09/1181089398547.html Ian Sample, "Cash bonanza in prospect for genome pioneer", Guardian News Service, 8 June 2007. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/holnus/008200706080322.h tm Zonk, "Venter Institute claims patent on synthetic life", SlashDot, discussion started 7 June 2007. http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/06/07/1925250 ETC Group, "Patenting Pandora's bug: goodbye, Dolly...hello, Synthia! J. Craig Venter Institute seeks monopoly patents on the world?s first-ever human-made life form", News release, Ottawa, 7 June 2007. http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_ id=631