Trade deals pushing UPOV
Which countries use free trade deals to push corporate control over seeds? Which countries are under attack from these deals?
| UPOV Pusher | Implementing UPOV91 | Pushed into UPOV91 but not yet joined or resisting* | Not UPOV91 members, but covered by UPOV91 through a multilateral agreement** |
- UPOV Pusher
- Implementing UPOV91
- Pushed into UPOV91 but not yet joined or resisting*
- Not UPOV91 members, but covered by UPOV91 through a multilateral agreement**
UPOV is the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties.
*Cases of countries not joining or resisting UPOV occur when these countries sign the trade deal but don't change their seed law and/or don't push through with UPOV membership, e.g. due to strong pressure from citizens or a government's reluctance to amend its seed laws.
**Countries not member of UPOV91 but implementing its provisions through another mechanism, e.g. as part of a regional intellectual property organisation like OAPI or as members of a regional economic grouping like Comesa.
