TITLE: Collapse of WTO talks
washes away hope for TRIPS changes AUTHOR: William New
PUBLICATION: Intellectual Property Watch DATE: 29 July 2008
URL:
http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/index.php?p=1181
Comment from GRAIN:The fact that the proposed negotiating mandate for an amendment to the TRIPS Agreement regarding biodiversity got "washed away" with the collapse of WTO talks in Geneva last week is good news. The proposal to amend TRIPS, first tabled in 2006 and now supported by over 100 countries, has no social backing, as far as we know, and goes in the completely wrong direction. Rather than roll back the patent system from its illegitimate incursion into the very basis of food production -- seeds and breeds, not to mention microorganisms -- it would reinforce it. As part of the unrelenting stampede of privatisation, the amendment aims to inject some "balance" into TRIPS by saying "Ok, you can patent biodiversity and traditional knowledge -- as long as you pay for it!", with the cheques presumably expected to be made out to developing countries governments. This would constitute a clear and resounding "yes" to patents on life by nearly 160 governments under binding international trade law, with no room for backsliding. It would also extend the scope of the WTO TRIPS Agreement to traditional knowledge.
The political meaning of this proposal should not be taken lightly. Rather than respect the rights of farmers, indigenous peoples and rural communities for whom traditional seeds, native livestock, indigenous knowledge and the local cultures they are intertwined with constitute a collective heritage, it would turn them into corporate property at the highest level yet. And because it amounts to saying "yes, if", this move would signal the end of any resistance towards the patenting of life by nearly all governments.
Rather than amend TRIPS to embrace patents on life and traditional knowledge by putting a price on them, TRIPS should be amended to make patents and similar forms of monopolies on biodiversity and people's associated knowledge absolutely illegal. It's either yes or no. The current momentum of the governments at WTO is towards yes. That is the wrong direction. The fact that not one soul is out in the streets cheering them on speaks loudly to this.
-- GRAIN, 6 August 2008
Intellectual Property Watch | 29 July 2008
COLLAPSE OF WTO TALKS WASHES AWAY HOPE FOR TRIPS CHANGES
By William New
Seven-year negotiations at the World Trade Organization collapsed today after an intensive nine-day ministerial snagged on an agricultural issue. And with the end of the Doha Round of trade negotiations for the foreseeable future go the hopes of some members of amending global trade rules on intellectual property to better prevent biopiracy and to raise protection of distinctive goods deriving from particular regions, called geographical indications.
These IP issues were discussed consistently by key
delegations (IPW, WTO/TRIPS, 29 July 2008: http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/wp-trackback.php?p=1180
), but never rose to the level of full
negotiation during the WTO mini-ministerial in Geneva that
began on 21 July. The main issues remained agriculture and
manufactured goods.
The week included a number of preliminary agreements but contained a deadly pill in agriculture. Talks fell apart after an agricultural safeguard measure for developing countries to raise tariffs in cases of import surges could not be resolved after 60 hours of deliberation. In progressive press briefings, ministers from both sides of the issue sounded particularly disappointed that a single issue would trip up the whole round, but Indonesia on behalf of the Group of 33 developing nations (which was represented by India in the group of seven governments that carried out much of the talks) told reporters the group as well as a majority of all developing countries tried in good faith to come up with an acceptable text and were still engaged on the issue when talks were ceased.
"It cannot be said the SSM [special safeguard mechanism] broke the negotiations, because we were ready to negotiate," said Indonesia Trade Minister Mari E. Pangestu. "We still strongly consider an agreement was reachable." She named several other issues problematic to ministers, including geographical indications. She also said talks could continue at some point in the future.
Ministers and WTO Director General Pascal Lamy Tuesday night would not predict whether talks would be resumed, but all agreed it would be extremely unlikely to come by the target of year's end. "I don't think there is any realistic chance of modalities being agreed this year or in the foreseeable future, and that is a source of deep regret in Europe," said European Union External Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson.
But it may be decided at the formal Trade Negotiations Committee meeting -- expected on Wednesday -- to capture all of the gains made so far, which might include the IP issues, though they barely moved past procedural questions of whether two issues have a mandate for negotiation.
The three IP issues under consideration are: 1) the establishment of an international register of wines and spirits geographical indications -- product names associated with places and characteristics ("GI register"); 2) the possibility of extending higher level GI protection (TRIPS Article 23) to products other than wines and spirits ("GI extension"); and 3) a proposed amendment to the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) that would bring it in line with obligations under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adding a requirement for disclosure of origin in patent applications and possibly ensuring benefit-sharing with communities to deter biopiracy ("CBD amendment").
The GI extension and TRIPS CBD amendment do not have clear negotiating mandates in this round. All sides agree on negotiating the GI register, which was mandated in the 2001 Doha Declaration, but they have been far apart on details, especially legal matters.
While any continuation of this round, which began in Doha, Qatar in 2001, is unclear, ministers all stated their commitment to the WTO multilateral system. Lamy said negotiations will always be conducted at the WTO in some form, occasionally rising to the level of involving ministers, which he said in his experience is often needed to achieve real breakthroughs. But some mentioned a rethinking of the current trading system, the WTO, and the focus of negotiations, which could move to new topics like climate change.
Meanwhile, it remains to be seen what will happen to the TRIPS issues. One possibility is that focus could intensify bilaterally or at other institutions such as the World Intellectual Property Organization.
William New may be reached at wnew(at)ip-watch.ch.
GOING FURTHER (compiled by GRAIN)
"Draft modalities for TRIPS-related issues", 17 July 2008,
contains the proposed negotiating mandate to amend TRIPS
that governments were trying to push through during the
mini-ministerial in Geneva (21-29 July 2008), courtesy of
IP Watch.
http://www.grain.org/rights/?id=132
"Doha work programme: the outstanding implementation issue
on the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the
CBD", Communication from Brazil, India, Pakistan, Peru,
Thailand and Tanzania, Geneva, 31 May 2006, was the first
textual proposal for an Article 29-bis as amendement to
the TRIPS Agreement.
http://www.grain.org/rights/?id=128